What are the types of controlling ideas

Is the sentence “ironically, although approximately seventy-one percent of the earth is covered by water, thirty-three percent of its land area is desert.” a phrase or a clause?

3. how could the following sentence be rewritten as an exclamatory sentence? how dangerous was the saber-toothed tiger? a. tell someone how dangerous the saber-toothed tiger was. b. the saber-toothed tiger was dangerous. c. the saber-toothed tiger was dangerous! d. no change is necessary. c. the saber-toothed tiger was dangerous!

Imagine you are reading a story about a character named dray. dray is captain of the basketball team and practices for hours after school in order to achieve his goals of playing in the nba. one day, dray decides that he hates basketball. he quits the team and takes up knitting instead. what is the introduction of this new plot point is an example of a. an anticlimaxb. a conclusionc. a contrivanced. a climax