Which statement best describes the main theme of the poem If by Rudyard Kipling.

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-growing up is complicated and challenging, but is ultimately worth it for what can be accomplished

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- "the answers are a and b.  

when cullen speaks of planting while others reap, and standing "abject and mute," he is speaking about the racial injustices present in american society. as these injustices have changed over time, the american identity  has also shifted. those changes are, in turn, reflected in american literature."