What is the difference between a fracture zone and transform fault? a transform fault is a crack, but a fracture zone is a hole in the crust a transform fault is perpendicular to the mid-ocean ridge, but a fracture zone is not. they are two names for the same feature, a break in the plate formed by a slip at a transform plate boundary a transform fault has strike-slip motion in reverse of the direction that the plates move apart at the mid-ocean ridge, but a fracture zone has the opposite sense of motion. a transform has an active fault, separating two plates, whereas a fracture zone is just the “scar” formed on one plate by the transform fault

Scientist: cross-sections of stalactites—calcite formations deposited on cave ceilings by seeping water—can reveal annual variations in rainfall in particular areas over hundreds and thousands of years. we often found that when—according to these cross-sections—drought occurred in a particular area, it coincided with the collapse of an ancient society in that area. i hypothesize that drought reduced agricultural productivity in these areas, thereby leaving these societies without the resources needed to handle internal stresses and external threats. which of the following, if true, would most weaken the support for the scientist's hypothesis? a. many droughts indicated in the cross-sections of stalactites do not correspond with the collapse of a society in that area. b. information from the cross-sections of stalactites alone cannot reveal the level of agricultural output in an area at a particular time. c. most of the societies that collapsed during droughts did so when internal power struggles coincided with military raids from neighboring societies. d. most of the societies that collapsed during droughts maintained large stockpiles of food and water at the time of their collapse. e. information from stalactites also suggests that the collapse of some societies coincided with periods of abnormally high rainfall.