What were some of powers of the Church and Pope during the time of the Holy Roman Empire in Europe's early Middle Ages

nobody can learn anything from that map without seeing it. indeed, we must take your word for it that you even have a map.

since there isn't any suggested answers i will give you the reason and hopefully you can figure it

south africa, or rather all of africa, has not been in the location in which it is nowadays throughout the geological past. after the super-continent pangaea started to break apart, gondwanaland, in which was africa, moved further south, and parts of it came to be very close to the south pole. because the climate in this part of the world is very cold due to the very dispersed sun rays in there, what is now south africa, started to freeze, and the conditions were right for the formation of glaciers. the glaciers existed up until the period when gondwanaland started to break apart and what is now africa started to move towards north, sp it warmed up and the glaciers melted.

i'm sure the answer you are looking for would be

a. an ice age

hope this contact me if this didn't or you need with more answers : )