Transport moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?

Active transport

Explanation:

In most cases this active transport is carried out at the expense of a gradient of H + (proton electrochemical potential) previously created on both sides of the membrane, by breathing processes and photosynthesis; by ATP hydrolysis by ATP membrane hydrolases. The active transport varies the intracellular concentration and this results in a new osmotic movement of rebalancing by hydration. Active transport systems are the most abundant among bacteria, and have been evolutionarily selected because in their natural environments most prokaryotes are permanently or temporarily with a low concentration of nutrients. Active transport systems are based on specific and inducible permeases. The way in which the metabolic energy is coupled with the transport of the solute is not yet elucidated, but in general the hypothesis that permeasas, once captured the substrate with great affinity, undergoes a conformational change dependent on energy that makes them lose said affinity, which means the release of the substance into the cellular interior. The active transport of molecules through the cell membrane is carried out in the upward direction or against a concentration gradient (chemical gradient) or against an electrical pressure gradient (electrochemical gradient), that is, it is the passage of substances from a poorly concentrated medium to a very concentrated medium. In order to move these substances against the current it is necessary to provide energy from the ATP. Carrier proteins of active transport possess ATPase activity, which means that they can cleave ATP (Adenosin Tri Phosphate) to form ADP (two Phosphates) or AMP (a Phosphate) with energy release from high-energy phosphate bonds. Commonly there are three types of transporters: Uniportadores: they are proteins that transport a molecule in one direction through the membrane. Anti-carriers: include proteins that carry one substance in one direction while simultaneously transporting another in the opposite direction. Simportadores: they are proteins that transport a substance along with another, frequently a proton (H +).

answer; (c) all the above

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