Explain how immunizations work to protect the body against pathogens and antigens. Refer to B-cells and T-cells in your answer. Discuss how and why
science would need to find a way to discourage thymus atrophy if human life
is ever to expand beyond around 120 years.

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?