A 50 year old male is evaluated in the emergency room (ER) for a complaint of dyspnea. The dyspnea has become worse over many years but today is especially bad. He reports a history of smoking. His breath sounds are clear but greatly diminished throughout his lungs. ABGs, peak flow test (PF), VQ scan and chest x-ray (CXR) are completed. Results are below. ABGs: pH 7.48, PCO2: 30, HCO3 : 24, PO2 80, SO2 94%. PF: 50%of predicted norm (ie, "low" PF). V/Q scan 0.8. CXR shows hyperinflated aveoli and air trapping.

Normal ABG ranges: PO2: 80-100 mmHg (Remember, you are supposed to know pCO2: 35-45 mmHg pH range, SO2 range, & RR range)HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L

Required:
a. What is the most likelydiagnosison this patient?
b. What is the expected breathing rate & pattern of this patient?

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Hi, i would like you to comment on this comment or ask me about that task? *do you think that the subjective aspects as well as the opinions and attitudes of people can be measured scientifically and objectively? how do the three measurement scales we met in this module contribute to this topic?   yes. to science, we have at our disposal several methods to measure and analyze all kinds of natural and social phenomena (such as the opinions and attitudes of people) objectively.   the three scales of measurement provide interesting data to measure the opinions of people about an object, event or person. they are used for different situations depending on our object of study. the thurstone scale is used to measure the attitude of people through an opinion on a subject in question (usually religious or political), since it comprises a range of possibilities, thus being able to assess in detail and according to a punctuated list, the opinion of the respondent. the likert scale, however, allows to measure the degree of acceptance or rejection of people in a situation presented, being able to strongly agree, or in complete disagreement. finally, the bogardus social distance scale allows us to measure the attitudes of a group of people towards another social group. its main purpose was to measure racial and national prejudices.

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