An old man is currently in the Intensive Care Unite with a severe head injury after an accident. He has orders for nothing by mouth and he is

mechanically ventilated. He has a history of hypertension and atrial

fibrillation. His blood pressure is 135/88 mm Hg, heart rate is 89 BPM.

Which of the following risk factors put this patient at the highest risk for

stress related mucosal damage? Explain in detail your answer and the

other choices?

A. NPO and severe head injury

B. mechanical ventilation and hypertension

C. hypertension and atrial fibrillation

D. severe head injury and mechanical ventilation