“long arm ” refers to the long arm of the law reaching across the country or around the world to draw an accused individual into its court systems whenever it can establish jurisdiction.

Long-arm statute

This statute allows for a state court to obtain personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant provided they are sufficiently connected to the state. A court may exercise jurisdiction on any basis not inconsistent with the Constitution of the state or of the United States.

b.   jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.

to act quickly in times of danger to the united states

because you have to act quickly if you want to live/survive.