John f. kennedy offers this rebuttal in his speech: "we choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too." who are the types of people in opposition and what are the main opposing views that he is rebutting in this statement?

In 1957, the Soviet space program had head start over the United States space program when the the Soviet space program first artificial satellite was place in orbit around the Earth during president Dwight Eisenhower's administration. The next milestone achieved by the Soviet Union, before the U.S., took place when Major Yuri Gagarin made the first manned space flight in 1961. At the time, the U.S. space program was lagging quite behind: not only NASA (the national Space Agency created by president Eisenhower) had failed to place a satellite in orbit, but all the rockets tested as space vehicles had failed to take off.

The clear advantage of the Soviet Union over the United States created a lot of tension among the U.S. public opinion, since the capacity of the Soviets to launch vehicles into space also meant that they could easily develop the capacity to build rockets, or missiles, able to carry nuclear warheads across the globe and onto U.S. territory, whereas the U.S. program's failures portrayed the U.S. incapable of deterrence and/or retaliation in case of nuclear warfare.

When presiden John F. Kennedy vowed a promise to get the U.S. space program to beat the Soviets on the race to the Moon, not only was he taking into account the civilian ramifications, such as peaceful scientific research, but also the political and military ones, such as showing the world that the U.S. had the upper hand in case of a nuclear showdown. "The others" [who intend to win, too] Kennedy refers to and challenges are the Soviets and their space program. Even though president Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 and would live to see the fist man, a U.S. man, on the moon, his promise came true to the letter since the feat of a U.S. mission traveling to the moon was made in 1969, "in this {1960s} decade."

the correct statement is letter a.   according to the mandate of heaven, kings were considered godlike beings, so they could do as they .

the mandate of heaven is a chinese political and religious ideology used since ancient times to justify the rule of the king or emperor of china, that has been in place since the zhou until the dynasty system ended. it has been created to justify the zhou as the main power of the region. in order to keep harmony, the ruler has to make what he wants and what people want. he had to make good choices to satisfy the people and then they will be happy and keep you in power.