From 1928 to 1936 the emphasis of united states foreign policy was on

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal. this may result in the adoption of a new law.