Describe the following features of islam (hijra, jihad, sharia, caliph, quran, mosque)

Hijra, Jihad, Sharia, Quran, Caliphate and Mosque all these terms are related to Islamic religion and are the elements of Islamic religion.  

Features of Islam:

1) Hijra: Hegira or Hijrah is the Islamic journey of prophet Muhammad with his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 and 622 is the year from which the Islamic calendar begins and it represents the Muslim era beginning.

2) Jihad- Jihad meaning Struggle and Muslims have believed that jihad is internal and external efforts to defend the faith and jihads to build a Muslim society and another kind of jihad is the holy war that is to defend Islam only if necessary.

3) Sharia- It is a legal system of Islam that directs Muslim that how they should live the lives. It gives the guidelines of marriage, men and women dress and other principles for Muslims. Sharia is also the law for the harsh punishment of the crime committed.

4) Caliphate System or Caliphate- Caliph is an Islamic state in which Islamic servant or follower with the title of caliph considered to be a successor of political-religious to the messenger of God Muhammad and a leader of Muslim community.

5) Quran- A holy book of Muslims that have Allah as the first person in writing who speaking to Muhammad through the Gabriel containing 14 chapters known as Surahs.

6) Mosque- A place Muslim worships and Muhammad is considered who built the first mosque in his house courtyard in Medina. In the mosque, a decorative element known as Mihrab or Niche which indicates the direction to Mecca and towards Niche are prayers offered.

a. always outside of government control.