What principle of economics is
adam smith stating in this passage?
a trade causes winners and losers.
b making goods is expensive.
c both parties gain as a result of trade.
d businesses take advantage of consumers.

C is correct

Explanation: Adam Smith was a representant of Enlightenment and Enlightenment not only promoted rationalism but also freedom. Adam Smith is one of the most important promoters of free trade and his argument free trade is good for everyone...1) those who make goods, 2) those who buy good, 3) for all the society. In his times free trade was common, so England following his ideas became quite revolutionary country. European continent started following his principles much later in the 19th century Germany (before becoming Germany united under Prussia) applied his principles of free trade when introduced "Zollverain" in German Confederation in 1830s.

b, the anti immigrant fervor

yes.

explanation:

because it let the japanese know who had the upper hand in the war.