Joint stock companies the settlement of north america by!
a. promoting religion.
b. eliminating risk.
c. making laws.
d. raising money

D. Raising money.

Explanation:

People would invest in joint-stock companies in order to have the chance to raise money and establish colonies. The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company which had success in this, they wanted to establish colonies in North America which would give them profit.

the answer is a) the proclamation of 1763.

powers  are  denied  to the  national governmentin three distinct ways: some  powers, such as the  power  to levy duties on exports or prohibit the freedom of religion, speech, press, or assembly, are expressly  denied  to the  national government  in the  constitution.