In 1995 the United States House of Representatives approved a bill that would make English the official language of the United States. The vote was 259 to 169, with 223 Republicans and 36 Democrats voting in favor and 8 Republicans, 160 Democrats, and 1 independent voting against. The debate was intense . . . and partisan. . . . Arizona is one of several states that have passed “Official English” or “English Only” laws.

respond to A, B, and C below.

A. Describe how another political institution can influence the advancement of the federal legislation in the scenario.

B. Explain how the institution described in part A is affected by another governmental entity in the context of the scenario.

C. As of 2018, states have continued to pass English-only laws, but the national government has not yet passed a federal law declaring English as the official language. Currently, a total of 31 states have English-only policies. Explain how this information and the scenario illustrate Madison’s argument in The Federalist 10.