How were Japan and China culturally different at the end of the 19th century?

Japan and Chine were always significantly different countries with significantly different cultures and values throughout History. There was one behavior that was specifically different in the end of 19th century, though.

i do not know if this question has options, but a main impact of the federal reserve act of 1913, which created the federal reserve bank, was the international use of the u.s. dollar, which soon became the world's leading currency - particularly during world war i, since many nations around the world asked the united states for money.