Many Somalian refugees sought entrance to the United States in 2006 and 2007. Describe factors that encouraged many Somalians to leave their country in the 1990s and 2000s.

Somalia is a federal state in the extreme east of Africa on the Horn of Africa. The state emerged from the merger of the colonial areas of British and Italian Somaliland, which became independent in 1960.

Somalia is considered to be an extremely fragile and undeveloped state, both in terms of political and economic development. After the overthrow of the authoritarian government under Siad Barre in 1991, there was no functioning central government for more than 20 years due to the ongoing civil war. The transitional governments formed from the year 2000 under the protection of the international community were largely unsuccessful; at times they were barely able to keep the capital under their control. Large parts of the country fell into the hands of local clans, warlords, radical Islamist groups or pirates. Regional de facto regimes formed on the national territory. Of these regimes, however, only Somaliland in the northwest decided to found a new nation in its own right. The others claimed autonomy as self-governing sub-states, but did not give up the idea of a common Somali state.  

All this convulsed situation has led to a state of extreme poverty and need for its inhabitants, which has motivated an incessant and growing wave of refugee emigration to different countries in the Middle East, Europe and North America, including the United States.

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