What delegate at the Constitutional Convention pushed for a scrapping of the Articles and the institution of a new form of government?

Charles Pinckney of South Carolina

Explanation:

Towards the Constitutional Convention of 1787, Charles Pinckney of South Carolina suggested that United States Congress amend the Articles of Confederation. The proposition for the amendment, however, led the Congress to reach conclusion and scrap the Articles of Confederation to the creation of the New Constitution.

Hence, in this case, "Charles Pinckney of South Carolina" is the delegate at the Constitutional Convention who pushed for a scrapping of the Articles and the institution of a new form of government

whose power in the senate is equal to the power of the speaker of the house?

uncle sam would be tossing and turning in his grave : *)