Following the Compromise of 1877, poll taxes, literacy tests and the Grandfather Clause were used to… *

All those things were used as voter suppression to keep blacks from voting. At the time, the south was Democratic and they knew that the black people would vote Republican since Abraham Lincoln was a Republican.

Explanation:

Sounds kind of like the Democrats of today... LOL

c

explanation:

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts