How did the columbian exchange affect european trade? a) it establish trade routes to africa b) it establish transatlantic trade routes to the americans. c) it european traders establish a shorter route to china. d) it european traders establish stock exchanges

It helped establish transatlantic trade routes to the Americans

Explanation:

After the discovery of America by the Italian Cristoforo Colombo, the axis of international trade shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic Ocean, which favored some countries like the United Kingdom and Spain and caused countries like Italy to fall into crisis

Option B.

Explanation:

It helped establish transatlantic trade routes to the Americans, is the right answer.

The Columbian Exchange was the widespread exchange of ideas, people, culture, plants, animals and diseases between the Eastern and the Western Hemispheres. This exchange helped to establish the transatlantic trade routes to the Americans. This exchange had some significant (positive as well as negative) impacts on both the New World and Europe. For instance, the Columbian exchange enhanced the diet of Europeans and due to this, they tended to live for a longer period than before. At the same time, it affected the native American population adversely as they got infectious to such diseases that had no known cure.

c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons

on my last question