What was the outcome of the first crusade?
a. the crusaders defeated the muslims and restored peace to the holy land.
b. the muslims lost to the crusaders but remained in control of jerusalem.
c. the muslims destroyed jerusalem rather than surrender it to the crusaders.
d. the crusaders seized jerusalem but were forced to defend it for the next one hundred years.

d.The Crusaders seized Jerusalem but were forced to defend it for the next one hundred years.

Explanation:

In November of 1095, at the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II gave a public speech calling on Western Christians to give support to their Eastern Christian brethren, who were under attack from Muslim Turks. In addition, he also called for the liberation of Jerusalem, which had been under Muslim control for 400 years. The First Crusade captured Nicaea (capital of Seljuk sultan, Qiliji Arslan), in 1097 and returned it to the control of the Byzantine emperor. But only in 1099, the Crusader army quartered before the greatest reward of all: the city of Jerusalem. On July 13, 1099, the great assault began, with the cry rising up from the Crusader army, “God wills it!” After two days of furious (and inconclusive) fighting, Godfrey of Bouillon pierced one of the walls of Jerusalem, and his army crowded in. In a short time, Jerusalem belonged to the Crusaders.

a historian researching the immigration policies of the early 1900s would expect a source written today,rather than in 1910 to :

( a ) be more interested in objective data and statistics.

ayatollah khomeini can best be described as the leader who declared iran to be an islamic republic.