What is it called when a government system divides the power between a national government and states?

federalism .

Explanation:

one of the major compromises in the constitutional convention was between the small states and big states. the small states wanted each state to have the same number of representatives in congress. the big states wanted representation based on population.

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.