2. How do the first 13 words of the Preamble focus on this
concept? I'll call it "people
power".

there is no chart here so no one can answer this.

the correct answer is "ethnic heritage".

a person's ethnicity can influence a lot the way he/she votes.

in the united states, for example, black people tend to vote democratic. it happens because the society builds a strong division among people, and equals tend to mingle and support equals. black people's votes in a whole will most certaintly lean towards a candidate or a party which supports the fight against racism.