1. what territorial changes resulted from the peace of westphalia, ending the 30 years' war?
a) the holy roman empire was united under a single ruler.
b) spain separated from the hapsburg empire.
c) the netherlands and the swiss confederation became independent states.
d) the german states became protestant.

2. what was on of maria theresa's successes as an absolute monarch
a) uniting the german states
b) forcing frederick out of silesia
c) strengthening royal power
d) adding hungary to the hapsburg empire

3. which of the following most accurately describes catherine the great?
a) the wife of a weak tsar who worked behind the scenes to introduce reforms
b) an enlightened monarch who increased human rights throughout russia
c) a feudal monarch whose policies further isolated russia from the west
d) an autocratic ruler who introduced limited reforms but retained absolute power

4. how did catherine succeed where peter the great had failed?
a) she strengthened the institute of serfdom
b) she expanded russia's borders
c) she won a warm-water port for russia
d) she introduced policies to westernize russia

5. in the years following the thirty years' war the hapsburg empire expanded to included which two lands?
a) prussia and austria
b) bohemia and hungary
c) latvia and lithuania
d) the netherlands and the swiss federation

6. which of the following best describes peter the great's approach to westernization?
a) he shrewdly gained the support of the boyars before introducing western ways
b) he upheld russian tradition and introduced western ways gradually
c) he used autocratic power to introduce rapid changes
d) he imposed french language and customs on the russian court