“at times, a president has had to turn to roundabout methods in order to achieve his [treaty] goals. when a senate minority defeated a treaty to annex texas, president john tyler was able to bring about annexation in 1845 by encouraging passage of a joint resolution—a move that required only a majority vote in each house. in 1898, president william mckinley used the same tactic to annex hawaii."
use the passage to answer the question.
6. what does this excerpt illustrate about the process of approving treaties?
the treaty-making process must be followed exactly as described in the constitution.
a treaty is not the only tool a president can use to make agreements with other countries.
the treaty-making process is usually controlled by a senate minority.
a treaty can be approved by the house of representatives instead of the senate.

“congress has not declared war since world war ii. on eight occasions since then, however, it has enacted joint resolutions to authorize the president to meet certain international crises with military force.”
use the passage to answer the question.
7. which is the strongest conclusion that can be drawn based on this statement?
congress and the president are often in conflict about when to declare war.
congress and the president do everything they can to avoiding using military force.
the constitution is flexible enough to allow congress and the president to meet crises in a number of ways.
the constitution has many checks and balances for how the government deals with foreign policy.

“(c) the constitutional powers of the president as commander-in-chief to introduce united states armed forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, are exercised only pursuant to (1) a declaration of war, (2) specific statutory authorization, or (3) a national emergency created by attack upon the united states, its territories or possessions, or its armed forces.”
— war powers resolution of 1973
use the passage to answer the question.

8. what is the intent of this section of the document?
to expand congress' power to authorize the president to commit the u. s. to military action
to give congress the authorization to commit the u. s. to military action
to expand the power of the united states armed forces to initiate military activity on their own
to limit the president’s power to commit the u. s. to military action without meeting certain conditions

9. which person does the president appoint to deal mainly with foreign policy?
secretary of state
secretary general
secretary of commerce
secretary of the interior