What role did monks play in advancing literature

How does iraqs geographical location ( desert-like environment ) affect it's politcal relationships? i've been stuck on this and i'm giving a lot of points

The factory system of the early-19th century caused a) a decrease in farm production. b) an increase in rural population. c) an increase in urban population. d) high unemployment in other areas.

Describe the differences of 89 and x is 47