The following is an excerpt from urban ii's letter of instruction to the crusaders, 1095. use the excerpt to answer the following question: your brotherhood, we believe, has long since learned from many accounts that a barbaric fury has deplorably afflicted and laid waste the churches of god in the regions of the orient. more than this, blasphemous to say, it has even grasped in intolerable servitude its churches and the holy city of christ, glorified by his passion and resurrection. -public domain what impression did urban ii hope to make on those reading this letter?

a) christians were being persecuted by muslims in the holy land.
b) the crusades have been a huge success.
c) christendom is weak and decadent.
d) the western world should unite with the east.

The correct answer is a) Christians were being persecuted by Muslims in the Holy Land.

At the time the Pope Urban II wrote that letter, in 1095, the Muslim Seljuk Empire was conquering the region of Anatolia and threatening the eastern border of the Christian Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines, who were Orthodox Christians, were afraid that the Seljuk could conquer their capital Constantinople and for that reason, they requested help from the Catholic pope. Also, the Christian Europeans were worried because the Turkish Seljuk troops in Anatolia were persecuting Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land and European merchants caravans that were looking for eastern spices.

The Pope Urban II saw this as an opportunity to end conflicts among European kingdoms and to expand its political power to new frontiers. That is why he called to every Christian to unite in the first crusade in order to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land.

mohenjo-daro is located west of the indus river in larkana district

offline recommendation systems option b

because recommendation systems produce a list of two ways

1. through collaborative filtering

or

2. through content-based filtering