Locate the following lakes superior michigan huron erie and ontario. collectively, what are these lakes called? how did the involvement with europeans in this region change how american indians there lived?

The Great Lakes also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of connected freshwater lakes placed mainly in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which associate to the Atlantic Ocean over the Saint Lawrence River. Containing of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or Michigan–Huron), Erie, and Ontario, they form the biggest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by whole area, and second largest by total volume containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. It would be that the encroachment of Europeans forced many native tribes that had up until this point been rivals to form alliances in order to stop the spread of European settlement. 

sumerians were responsible.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.