One of the greatest achievements of the Maya civilization was ​

Their system of mathematics.

Explanation:

The Maya discovered zero.  Most of the world's civilizations had no concept of zero at the time of the Mayans.  Without zero there would be: No algebra, no arithmetic, no decimal, no accounts, no physical quantity to measure, no boundary between negative and positive numbers, and no computers.  The Mayan’s discovery of zero was one of the most significant steps to get to where we are today.

The counting system was so simple.  The Mayans figured out a genius system of counting which only required three symbols, a dot, a line, and a shell.  These three symbols could be used in various combinations to keep track of the calendar and do arithmetic.  Even the most uneducated people could use it to do basic trade.

a politically correct answer.

northernmost part (disputed, administered) - near indira col, siachen glacier - 35.674520°n 76.845245°e

northernmost part (disputed, claimed) - dafdar near beyik pass - 37°24′00″n 75°24′00″e

northernmost part (undisputed) - near dharwas, chambal district - 33.24902°n 76.82704°e

southernmost part (mainland) - cape comorin - 8.06890°n 77.55230°e

southernmost part - indira point in the nicobar islands - 6.74678°n 93.84260°e

distance between:  

1 & 4 - 3070 km

1 & 5 - 3654 km

2 & 4 - 3269 km

2 & 5 - 3885 km

3 & 4 - 2801 km

3 & 5 - 3430 km

explanation:

genetics is the study of how dna works, the methodologies defining the new recent technologies allow scientist to have a panoramic view of the entire dna landscape, especially how genomes interact with their environment, including off course, factors outside their organisms.

thus is very possible the existence of both scenarios, where populations of isolated individuals have different genetic traits, and share traits related to genetic mutation, due rats can easily travel overseas using human transport channels. so scientists could get a vast number of data, including human interaction, evolution of rodents, health development, spread of infections, development of new organisms, how genomes evolve in different environments and so on.