The ols residuals (a) can be calculated by subtracting the fitted values from the actual values.(b) can be calculated using the errors from the regression function.(c) are unknown since we do not know the population regression function.(d) should not be used in practice since they indicate that your regression does not run through all your observations.

The correct answer is A) can be calculated by subtracting the fitted values from the actual values.

Step-by-step explanation:

A. it can be calculated by subtracting the fitted values from the actual values.

(y=y^+resid)       so,  resid=y-y^ Yes.

B.can be calculated using the errors from the regression function.

(y=β0+β1x+e is unknown)  

can be calculated using the errors from the regression function.

(y=β0+β1x+e is unknown)

C. are unknown since we do not know the population regression function. (y=β0+β1x+e is unknown, but we need resid)

D.  should not be used in practice since they indicate that your regression does not run through all your observations.

exa:

)

3+11

14

step-by-step explanation:

from this example, we can see that subtracting with integers is the same as adding the opposite. we can solve using a number line or by using the saying "keep, change, change" to us solve. it is important to remember that we can subtract a negative and end up with a larger number than we started with.

3/5

step-by-step explanation:

double number line is not a standard concept, so it must have been defined in your textbook. assume top line is numerator.