"One response to findings such as those in table I has been to attribute them to confounding variables, arguing that people exposed to an adverse environment in utero are exposed to an adverse environment in adult life and that it is this later environment that produces the effects attributed to programming" (Barker, 1995). Choose the best meaning of the statement above from the list below. O O The results of this study are difficult to determine because a variable outside the study is causing the environment in utero and the effects on the study participants to appear to be related in a way that they are not. The results of this study are due in part to the clear effect that the adult environment has on the study participants. The results of this study are difficult to determine because the adult environment and the environment in utero are controlled variables. The results of this study are difficult to determine because it is possible that the adult environment may be responsible for the study results rather than the environment in utero. The results of this study are due solely to the adult environment rather than the environment in utero. O O