A random line segment of length D is chosen on a plane marked with an infinite checkerboard grid (i. e., a unit side length square grid). What length D maximizes the probability that the segment crosses exactly one line on the checkerboard grid, and what is this maximal probability?

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step-by-step explanation:

, and

for

step-by-step explanation:

we can analyze the pattern at which the terms increase. let us denote , , , so that we can call

note the following:

the pattern: to get the next term value, we just add the next term number (e.g. 1st, 2nd, to the previous term value (term values are the given numbers in the question, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15,

from , to get to , we add

from , to get to , we add

etc.

we need to form a recursive formula, a formula that has the next term as a function of the previous term. so a possible recursive formula can be

, and for