X/2 + 2 = 1 please help

Which approach to the theory-and-research cycle does the following sequence reflect: (1) specific observations suggest generalizations, (2) generalizations produce a tentative theory, (3) the theory is tested through the formation of hypotheses, and (4) hypotheses may provide suggestions for additional observations?

Twelve less than a number is at most 20

Which expression is a factor of 12x2 + 29x – 8? x – 8 2x – 1 3x + 8 4x + 1