What is the relationship between matter and energy as it changes states of matter (phase changes? )

These energy exchanges are not changes in kinetic energy. They are changes in bonding energy between the molecules. If heat is coming into a substance during a phase change, then this energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules of the substance. The example we will use here is ice melting into water.

do you have a formula possibly

that tool is called an altimeter which measures your altitude which can be used to tell which atmosphere you are currently in, including the stratosphere.

hope this ! : )