Physics, 27.09.2019 21:10 Serenitybella

What is now considered to be the mechanism for the production of the double lobes of radio emission that appear on either side of many galaxies?

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The mechanism is known as radiogalaxis and refers to two oppositely directed jets of relativistic particles spiraling around magnetic fields.

Explanation:

Radiogalaxes usually have a double structure, with two emitting lobes located on either side of the galaxy, whose brightness occurs because of synchrotron radiation. Produced by the movement of electrons in the galaxy's magnetic field at speeds very close to the speed of light ie relativistic electrons. This is the mechanism that accelerates electrons, and is responsible for the origin of radio emission from the radio galaxy. Another feature of some radiogalaxes is the presence of a jet of matter coming from a central source in the galaxy's nucleus, charged moving in a magnetic field.

Because of all this movement, radiogalaxes can be considered very active anomalous galaxies (as well as quasars and seyfert galaxies), emitting a colossal amount of radio waves.

Answer from: Quest

russian is not my first language, so i'm afraid i can't write out an answer in russian, but hopefully you can find a way to do so. here's my best translation of the problem: you're given a plot of a particle's position in one-dimensional space over time, and you're asked to find either the total distance traveled by the particle after 6 seconds had elapsed, or the total displacement of the particle after 6 seconds.

if you want the total distance traveled, you would first need to determine the particle's velocity as a function of time, then integrate that over the 6-second interval. we know the position function is quadratic with roots at 0 and 6, so we have

$x(t)=ax(x-6)$

where $a$ is unknown. because the position is parabolic, there is symmetry about the midpoint at $t=3$ , and we know that

$x(3)=10\implies -9a=10\implies a=-\dfrac{10}9$

so that the position function is

$x(t)=-\dfrac{10}9x(x-6)$

which means the velocity is

$v(t)=\dfrac{\mathrm dx}{\mathrm dt}=-\dfrac{20}9x+\dfrac{60}9$

then the total distance traveled is

$\displaystyle\int_{t=0}^{t=6}|v(t)|\,\mathrm dt=\left\{\int_{t-0}^{t=3}-\int_{t=3}^{t=6}\right\}v(t)\,\mathrm dt=20$

so the total distance traveled is 20 m.

on the other hand, if you want to find displacement: the particle starts at $x=0$ and ends at $x=0$ , so its displacement is 0.

Answer from: Quest

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What is now considered to be the mechanism for the production of the double lobes of radio emission...

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