In a live fire exercise, an Army artillery team fires an artillery shell from a howitzer. The barrel of the howitzer makes a 50.0° angle above horizontal, and the speed of the shell upon exiting the barrel is 360 m/s. The shell hits a target on the side of a mountain 38.0 s after firing. Assuming the point where the shell exits the barrel to be the origin, and assuming as usual that the x-axis is horizontal and the y-axis is vertical, find the x and y coordinates, in meters, of the target.

The coordinates of the target are (8790m, 3400m).

Explanation:

First of all, we have to find the components of the initial velocity and , using trigonometry:

Now, we find the x-coordinate using the equation of motion with constant speed (since there is no external force in x-axis that causes an horizontal acceleration):

Then, we find the y-coordinate using the equation of position of an object with constant acceleration (since there is the gravitational force causing a vertical acceleration on the shell):

Finally, the coordinates of the target are (8790m, 3400m).

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.

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