J. J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897. In 1904, he proposed a model of an atom, describing that there was an equal distribution of negative and positive charges throughout the atom. In 1909, Ernest Rutherford tested J. J. Thomson’s model by shooting positive particles at gold foil. Based on Thomson's model, it was predicted that the particles would fly through the foil with a small amount deflected back. Analyzing the results, Rutherford discovered that more of the particles bounced back than expected. Which of the following best explains how the results of Rutherford’s experiment affected Thomson’s widely-accepted atomic model?