How do scientist determine the the number of iso types?

1. in terms of fuel economy rank the following hybrid and electric vehicles, and justify application specific to each hybrid technology stop/start | mild hybrid | full hybrid | plug-in hybrid | full electric a. rank based on fuel economy b. justify your application specific for each technology

What happens to atoms and chemical bonds during a reaction?

Asheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200oc and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. the diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 x 10- 11 m2 /s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 x 10-7 kg/m2 -s. also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m3 . how far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m3 ? assume a linear concentration profile.