What is Gravitational force?​

Many machines- including inclined planes such as ramps- increase the strength of the force put into the machine but decrease the distance over which the force is applied.

Carbon is allowed to diffuse through a steel plate 15 mm thick. the concentrations of carbon at the two faces are 0.65 and 0.30 kg c/m^3 fe, which are maintained constant. if the preexponential and activation energy are 6.2 x 10-7 m2 /s and 80,000 j/mol, respectively, compute the temperature at which the diffusion flux is 1.43 x 10^-9 kg/m^2 -s.

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has a –1 charge. what other characteristic does the radiation have?