What is being done about emission controls?

An initially unpolarized light if intensity 500 w/m^2 passes through four polarizers. the transmission axis between adjacent polarizers is 45∘. what percentage of the initial intensity is transmitted by the system?

Smallest intensity of a stimulus that you can detect 50 percent of the time is

Water is siphoned from a large tank and discharges into the atmosphere through a 50-mm diameter tube. the end of the tube is b = 2.6 m below the tank bottom which is a = 6.7 m deep, and viscous effects are negligible. determine the maximum height h over which the water can be siphoned without cavitation occurring. atmospheric pressure is 101.4 kpa, and the water vapor pressure is 1.79 kpa (absolute). report your answer in meters to two decimal places.