Why should the solvent be near the top of the filter paper at the end of chromatography

The mass of the sun is 1.99×1030kg and its distance to the earth is 1.50×1011m. what is the gravitational force of the sun on the earth?

Acarpenter builds an exterior house wall with a layer of wood 2.9 cm thick on the outside and a layer of styrofoam insulation 2.3 cm thick on the inside wall surface. the wood has k=0.080w/(m⋅k), and the styrofoam has k= 0.010 w/(m⋅k). the interior surface temperature is 19.0 ∘c , and the exterior surface temperature is -15.0 ∘c . a.)what is the temperature at the plane where the wood meets the styrofoam? celsius b.)what is the rate of heat flow per square meter through this wall? /m^2

Arigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. one part of the tank contains 3 kg of compressed liquid water at 400 kpa and 60°c while the other part is evacuated. the partition is now removed, and the water expands to fill the entire tank. determine the entropy change of water during this process, if the final pressure in the tank is 40 kpa. use steam tables.