Two 22.7 kg ice sleds initially at rest, are placed a short distance apart, one directly behind the other, as shown in Fig. 1. A 3.63 kg cat, standing on the left sled, jumps across to the right one and immediately comes back to the first. Both jumps are made horizontally at a speed of 3.05 m/s relative to the ice. Ignore the friction between the sled and ice. (a) Find the final speeds of the two sleds. [6 marks]
(b) Calculate the impulse on the cat as it lands on the right sled. [2 marks]
(c) Find the average force on the right sled applied by the cat while landing. Consider that the cat takes 12 ms to finish the landing.

Newton's third law of motion sates that force is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum produced

(a) The final speeds of the ice sleds is approximately 0.49 m/s each

(b) The impulse on the cat is 11.0715 kg·m/s

(c) The average force on the right sled is 922.625 N

The reason for arriving at the above values is as follows:

The given parameters are;

The masses of the two ice sleds, m₁ = m₂ = 22.7 kg

The initial speed of the ice, v₁ = v₂ = 0

The mass of the cat, m₃ = 3.63 kg

The initial speed of the cat, v₃ = 0

The horizontal speed of the cat, v₃ = 3.05 m/s

(a) The required parameter:

The final speed of the two sleds

For the first jump to the right, we have;

By the law of conservation of momentum

Initial momentum = Final momentum

∴ m₁ × v₁ + m₃ × v₃ = m₁ × v₁' + m₃ × v₃'

Where;

v₁' = The final velocity of the ice sled on the left

v₃' = The final velocity of the cat

Plugging in the values gives;

22.7 kg × 0 + 3.63 × 0 = 22.7 × v₁' + 3.63 × 3.05

∴  22.7 × v₁'  = -3.63 × 3.05

v₁' =  -3.63 × 3.05/22.7 ≈ -0.49

The final velocity of the ice sled on the left, v₁' ≈ -0.49 m/s (opposite to the direction to the motion of the cat)

The final speed ≈ 0.49 m/s

For the second jump to the left, we have;

By conservation of momentum law,  m₂ × v₂ + m₃ × v₃ = m₂ × v₂' + m₃ × v₃'

Where;

v₂' = The final velocity of the ice sled on the right

v₃' = The final velocity of the cat

Plugging in the values gives;

22.7 kg × 0 + 3.63 × 0 = 22.7 × v₂' + 3.63 × 3.05

∴  22.7 × v₂'  = -3.63 × 3.05

v₂' =  -3.63 × 3.05/22.7 ≈ -0.49

The final velocity of the ice sled on the right = -0.49 m/s (opposite to the direction to the motion of the cat)

The final speed ≈ 0.49 m/s

(b) The required parameter;

The impulse of the force

The impulse on the cat = Mass of the cat × Change in velocity

The change in velocity, Δv = Initial velocity - Final velocity

Where;

The initial velocity = The velocity of the cat before it lands = 3.05 m/s

The final velocity = The velocity of the cat after coming to rest =

∴ Δv = 3.05 m/s - 0 = 3.05 m/s

The impulse on the cat = 3.63 kg × 3.05 m/s = 11.0715 kg·m/s

(c) The required information

The average velocity

Impulse = × Δt

Where;

Δt = The time of collision = The time it takes the cat to finish landing = 12 ms

12 ms = 12/1000 s = 0.012 s

We get;

∴  

The average force on the right sled applied by the cat while landing, = 922.625 N

Learn more about conservation of momentum here:

snell's law

refractve index = sin incidence / sin refraction