Please answer this. .

a. Mucous membranes protect the inside parts of your body that are exposed to air, in a similar fashion to how your skin protects your external body. Mucous membranes are rich with mucous glands that secrete mucus to help keep the membranes moist.

b.Nose hairs act as a filter that prevents dust, pollen, and allergens from entering your lungs. When particles enter your nose, they get stuck on a thin layer of mucus that coats your hairs. Eventually, the particles either get sneezed out or swallowed. Your nose is also filled with microscopic hairs called cilia.

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c.The epiglottis is a small, movable "lid" just above the larynx that prevents food and drink from entering your windpipe. But if the epiglottis becomes swollen — either from infection or from injury — the airway narrows and may become completely blocked.

d.Coughing can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. Examples include normal clearing of airways, irritants such as smoke and gas, tobacco use or improperly swallowing food and liquids.

e.In humans there are about 15 – 20 incomplete C-shaped cartilaginous rings which reinforces the anterior and lateral sides of the trachea to protect and maintain the airway open. (The cartilaginous rings are incomplete because this allows the trachea to collapse slightly to allow food to pass down the esophagus.

f. .Pulmonary surfactant is a surface active material composed of lipids and proteins which is found in the fluid lining the alveoli.

g.The pleura includes two thin layers of tissue that protect and cushion the lungs. ... The very thin space between the layers is called the pleural cavity. A liquid, called pleural fluid, lubricates the pleural cavity so that the two layers of pleural tissue can slide against each other.

h.The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity. The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid respiration. There are twelve pairs of ribs. Each rib articulates posteriorly with two thoracic vertebrae by the costovertebral joint.

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