11. The gibbs free energy equation can be used to predict whether a reaction will proceed spontaneously. For which relative values of âh and âs will a spontaneous reaction always occur?.

Madison lives near the ocean. she’s formed a hypothesis that increased concentrations of salt in the air speeds the corrosion of certain metals. if madison plans to test this hypothesis, she will have to deal with the following variables in her experiment: dependent variable: independent variable: one possible confounding variable: