Dr. gershoff from columbia university conducted extensive research on parental uses of spanking. one correlation that emerged was a relationship between parental socioeconomic status and use of spanking. in other words, as socioeconomic status declines, rates of parental use of spanking rise. this finding represents a:

This finding represents "negative correlation".

A negative correlation implies that there is a backwards connection between two factors - when one variable decreases, alternate increments. The other way around is a negative connection as well, in which one variable increments and alternate declines. These correlations are considered in statistics as a method for deciding the connection between two variables.  

according to classical republican political theory, which democratic republics would function best?

a.   small republics, with people who had similar interests

b.   large republics, with people who had competing interests

c.   republics made up entirely of landowners

d.   republics made up entirely of servants

i'll just take the points xd