Two necessary preconditions for an action to be viewed by social psychologists as “aggression” include and a) intention to cause pain; success in doing so. b) actual harm; intention to cause pain. c) physical pain; psychological pain. d) intention to harm; psychological or physical pain. e) physical pain; an emotional reaction.

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clean air is essential for health and survival

clean air provides nitrogen gas for plant respiration

clean air supplies oxygen that enables living organisms to breathe

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c

explanation: because you need to reduce the pollution on land,the exhaust fumes will stop,and stop it in water,the oil that is in the oceanharms the fish   sorry if you   have been waiting long