Herrnstein and murray questioned whether poverty was a side effect of conditions or whether it actually caused limited opportunities for children.

Biological condition

Explanation:

Biological conditions in poverty are well documented by the researchers. It can not say poverty but it can be said as the biological per-se of poverty. This has been a deteriorating effect on the development of a children. Food insecurity, food infections, psychological stress all are related to the poverty effect on children's development. There are some neural pathways, neuro-endocrine, inflammation, energy metabolism are the key stress of poverty through which poverty is embedded in the children.

answer; did not understand that the act was wrong because she/he was suffering from a mental illness;

stable food supply,social structure, government,religion,culture/art,technology and writing/language;