Ben, a 3-year-old boy, fills his sketchbook with drawings of circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, and cross signs. from this information, we can infer that ben is at least in the stage of artistic drawings devised by rhoda kellogg.

Shape

Explanation:

Rhoda Kellogg's stage of artistic drawing has proposed three stages.

Scribble stage: The scribble is the first stage of artistic drawing in children. This stage occurs in two to five-year children. At this stage, children don't know how to pick the crayons and use the crayons on paper. The drawing is a motor activity and children and children have uncontrolled manipulation. Children used many scribbles such as vertical, horizontal, and diagonal and curving lines. These are around twenty scribbles, seventeen scribbles is used at the primary level.  

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.