A person trying to understand other cultures on their terms rather than passing judgment based on their own practices and beliefs is practicing .

Cultural relativism would be your answer ! Hope I helped

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.