Usually cover periods from one to five years and are especially important for middle and first-line managers. a. Contingency plans b. Short-range plans c. Long-range plans d. Intermediate plans

Explanation:

The plans that fall under next one to five years is called intermediate planning.  

It helps the managers and business owners to asses various aspects of their company and takes steps to increase the operational output or production.  

Intermediate plans are the primary concern for managers because long range plans are uncertain.  It is developed by by middle and top managers.

answer:

d. because dr. laguardia selected a widely used measure, his study generalizes to has strong external validity. external validity has limited external validity. other applications of this measure.

the widely used measure that he applied to his experiment was the benton facial recognition test. it employed on to football players and as result, only players who suffered brain concussions did not pas this test. and although it has an external validity, it is limited because it isn't general to apply to other population.

answer; they both highlight the power of the situation in determining behavior;